Nokia Oyj stands as a global technology leader, delivering comprehensive network infrastructure and solutions across mobile, fixed, and cloud domains. Its operations are structured into four primary divisions: Mobile Networks, Network Infrastructure, Cloud and Network Services, and Nokia Technologies. The Mobile Networks segment furnishes radio access network technologies, spanning from 2G to 5G, alongside crucial microwave radio links for transport. Within Network Infrastructure, Nokia provides fixed access solutions such as fiber and copper, coupled with cloud and virtualization services. This segment also encompasses a robust Wi-Fi portfolio, featuring mesh solutions and cloud-based controllers, as well as sophisticated IP routing solutions for aggregation, edge, and core applications tailored for residential, business, mobile, and industrial sectors. Its extensive optical network offerings include coherent optical transponders, optical transport network switchers, wavelength-division multiplexers, reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer solutions, and optical line systems designed for metro access, data center interconnect, regional, and long/ultra-long-haul applications. Additionally, Nokia provides capabilities for submarine networks. The Cloud and Network Services division delivers business application software, advanced cloud and cognitive services, core network software, and specialized enterprise solutions. Through Nokia Technologies, the company engages in licensing its valuable intellectual property, encompassing patents, various technologies, and the iconic Nokia brand, in addition to offering hardware, software, and related services. Serving a diverse clientele, Nokia's customers include communications service providers, major internet companies (webscales and hyperscalers), digital industries, and governmental entities. Nokia Oyj was founded in 1865 and maintains its headquarters in Espoo, Finland.