AXT, Inc. is a company dedicated to the design, development, production, and worldwide distribution of both compound and single-element semiconductor substrates. Leveraging its proprietary vertical gradient freeze technology, the firm manufactures these essential components. Its diverse product range includes indium phosphide substrates, vital for applications like data center connectivity (utilizing light and lasers), 5G communications, fiber optic lasers and detectors, passive optical networks, silicon photonics, photonic integrated circuits, terrestrial solar cells, RF amplification and switching, infrared LEDs for motion control, LiDAR in robotics and autonomous vehicles, and infrared thermal imaging. AXT also provides semi-insulating gallium arsenide (GaAs) substrates, which are critical for Wi-Fi and IoT devices, transistors, direct broadcast television, power amplifiers, satellite communications, and solar cells. Furthermore, its semi-conducting GaAs substrates find use in LEDs, screen displays, printer head lasers and LEDs, 3D sensing via VCSELs, data center communication using VCSELs, sensors for industrial robotics and near-infrared applications, optical couplers, solar cells, night vision goggles, LiDAR for robotics and autonomous vehicles, and various other laser technologies such as machining, cutting, and drilling. Germanium substrates are another key offering, employed in multi-junction solar cells for satellites, optical sensors and detectors, terrestrial concentrated photovoltaic cells, infrared detectors, and as carrier wafers for LEDs. Beyond these substrates, AXT supplies high-purity materials including 6N+ and 7N+ purified gallium, boron trioxide, gallium-magnesium alloy, along with pyrolytic boron nitride (pBN) crucibles and pBN insulating parts. The company distributes its products via a direct salesforce in the United States, China, and Europe, alongside independent sales representatives and distributors across Japan, Taiwan, Korea, and other international markets. Established in 1986 as American Xtal Technology, Inc., the company rebranded to AXT, Inc. in July 2000 and is headquartered in Fremont, California.