Ribbon Communications Inc., established in 1997 and headquartered in Plano, Texas, is a global provider of advanced communication technology. Operating across the United States, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and the Asia Pacific region, the company, formerly known as Sonus Networks, Inc. until its rebranding in November 2017, divides its operations into two primary segments: Cloud and Edge, and IP Optical Networks. The Cloud and Edge segment delivers software and hardware products, along with comprehensive solutions designed to enable modern voice and collaboration services. These include Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Voice over Long-Term Evolution (VoLTE), Voice over 5G (VoNR), and Unified Communications and Collaboration (UC&C). Additionally, it offers Session Border Controller (SBC) technology and various network transformation tools. This segment's offerings cater to diverse infrastructures, spanning private, public, and hybrid cloud environments, data centers, enterprise premises, and service provider networks, with flexible deployment options available in-network, on-premises, or through a telco cloud. The IP Optical Networks segment focuses on hardware and software solutions for IP networking, switching, routing, and optical transport. These capabilities are essential for facilitating next-generation technologies like 5G and distributed cloud computing, along with their associated applications. Its robust portfolio includes 5G-native solutions for mobile backhaul, metro and edge aggregation, core networking, data center interconnect, and transport services for wholesale carriers, alongside addressing legacy network termination requirements. This segment serves a wide array of clients, including service providers, enterprises, and specific industries such as utilities, government, defense, finance, transportation, education, and research. Furthermore, it provides sophisticated analytics platforms, including cloud-native and streaming analytics, to offer deep insights into network and subscriber behavior.